Ans.
Features of Transaction Processing Systems

a) Rapid Response

Fast performance with a rapid response time is critical. Businesses cannot afford to have customers waiting for a TPS to respond, the turnaround time from the input of the transaction to the production for the output must be a few seconds or less.

b) Reliability

Many organisations rely heavily on their TPS; a breakdown will disrupt operations or even stop the business. For a TPS to be effective its failure rate must be very low. If a TPS does fail, then quick and accurate recovery must be possible. This makes well– designed backup and recovery procedures essential.

c) Inflexibility

A TPS wants every transaction to be processed in the same way regardless of the user, the customer or the time of day. If a TPS were flexible, there would be too many opportunities for non-standard operations, for example, a commercial airline needs to consistently accept airline reservations from a range of travel agents, accepting different transactions data from different travel agents would be a problem.

(d) Controlled processing

The processing in a TPS must support an organisation’s operations. For example if an organisation allocates roles and responsibilities to particular employees, then the TPS should enforce and maintain this requirement.

e) ACID Test Properties

i) Atomicity: A transaction’s changes to the state are atomic: either all happen or none happen. These changes include database changes, messages, and actions on transducers.

ii) Consistency: A transaction is a correct transformation of the state. The actions taken as a group do not violate any of the integrity constraints associated with the state. This requires that the transaction be a correct program.

iii) Isolation: Even though transactions execute concurrently, it appears to each transaction T, that others executed either before T or after T, but not both.

iv) Durability: Once a transaction completes successfully (commits), its changes to the state survive failures.


Types of Transaction Processing Systems Management Systems

Marketing System		Manufacturing / Production system	Finance / Accounting system	Human Resource system	Other types (Institutes)
Major Functions of Systems	Sales Management	Scheduling	Budgeting	Personnel records	Course records
	Sales Promotion	Purchasing	Billing	Perks	Admissions
	Market Research	Shipping/ Receiving	General ledger	Pay scales	Grade records
	New products	Operations	Cost accounting	Labour relations	Alumni
	Pricing		Engineering		Training
Major Application Systems	Sales order information system	Machine Control system	Accounts receivable/payable	Leave Record system	Registration system
	Sales commission system	Quality control system	Machine Control system	Payroll	Curriculum control
	Market research system	Purchase order system	Quality control system	Training Details	Classes time table
	Warehousing	Machine Control system	Career Path details	Faculty occupancy

Table Typical applications of TPS. There are five functional categories of TPS: sales/marketing, manufacturing/production, finance/accounting, human resources, and other types of systems specific to a particular industry. Within each of these major functions are sub-functions. For each of these sub-functions (e.g., sales management) there is a major application system. Managers need TPS to monitor the status of internal operations and the firm’s relations with the external environment. TPS are also major producers of information for the other types of systems. Failure of a TPS will lead to the failure of IS of an organisation.